Budi Setiawan
Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor-16680, Indonesia
Ima Karimah
Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor-16680, Indonesia
Ali Khomsan
Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor-16680, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Sedentary lifestyle in children caused low physical activity and increase incident of overweight and obesity. Low physical activity leads to physical fitness decline. The objective of this study was to analyze differences of physical fitness in normal and overweight elementary school children. This study was conducted on 108 children as subjects. They were on the fifth grade of elementary school, consisted of normal and overweight student. Physical fitness was measured by some physical tests, i.e., 40 meters sprint, pull up, sit up, jump up and 600 meters run. The result showed that physical fitness of normal and overweight children were significantly different (p<0.05). The average physical fitness score of normal children (13.4±2.1) was higher than overweight children (10.9±1.7). The speed, muscle endurance, explosive muscle power and cardiovascular endurance of normal children were significantly different from overweight children (p<0.05). Nutritional status significantly influenced physical fitness of elementary school children (p<0.05).
PDF References
How to cite this article
Budi Setiawan, Ima Karimah and Ali Khomsan, 2014. Physical Fitness in Normal and Overweight Elementary School Children. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 13: 22-27.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2014.22.27
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2014.22.27
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2014.22.27
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2014.22.27
REFERENCES
- Al Barwani, S., M. Al Abri, K. Al Hashmi, M. Al Shukeiry and K. Tahlilkar et al., 2001. Assessment of aerobic fitness and its correlates in Omani adolescents using the 20-metre shuttle run test: A pilot study. J. Scient. Res. Med. Sci., 3: 77-80.
Direct Link - Brunet, M., J.P. Chaput and A. Tremblay, 2007. The association between low physical fitness and high body mass index or waist circumference is increasing with age in children: The Quebec en Forme project. Int. J. Obesity, 31: 637-643.
CrossRefDirect Link - Cvejic, D., T. Pejovic and S. Ostojic, 2013. Assessment of physical fitness in children and adolescents. Phys. Educ. Sport, 11: 135-145.
Direct Link - He, Q.Q., T.W. Wong, L. Du, Z.Q. Jiang and T.S.I. Yu et al., 2011. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity among Chinese children. Preventive Med., 52: 109-113.
CrossRefDirect Link - Huang, Y.C. and R.M. Malina, 2002. Physical activity and health-related physical fitness in Taiwanese adolescents. J. Physiol. Anthropol., 21: 11-19.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kaluski, D.N., G.D. Mazengia, T. Shimony, R. Goldsmith and E.M. Berry, 2009. Prevalence and determinants of physical activity and lifestyle in relation to obesity among schoolchildren in Israel. Public Health Nutr., 12: 774-782.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kim, H.K., Y. Matsuura, K. Tanaka and A. 1993. [Physical fitness and motor ability in obese boys 12 through 14 years of age]. Ann. Physiol. Anthropol., 12: 17-23, (In Japanese).
PubMed - Malina, R.M., G.P. Beunen, A.L. Claessens, J. Lefevre and B.V. Vanden Eynde et al., 1995. Fatness and physical fitness of girls 7 to 17 years. Obes. Res., 3: 221-231.
CrossRefDirect Link - Must, A., P.F. Jacques, G.E. Dallal, C.J. Bajema and W.H. Dietz, 1992. Longterm morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the harvard growth study of 1922 to 1935. N. Engl. J. Med., 327: 1350-1355.
Direct Link - Oren, A., L.E. Vos, C.S.P.M. Uiterwaal, W.H.M. Gorissen, D.E. Grobbee and M.L. Bots, 2003. Change in body mass index from adolescence to young adulthood and increased carotid intima-media thickness at 28 years of age: The Atherosclerosis risk in young adults study. Int. J. Obesity, 27: 1383-1390.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ortega, F.B., J.R. Ruiz, M.J. Castillo and M. Sjostrom, 2007. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: A powerful marker of health. Int. J. Obesity, 32: 1-11.
CrossRefDirect Link - Rauch, F., D.A. Bailey, A. Baxter-Jones, R. Mirwald and R. Faulkner, 2004. The muscle-bone unit during the pubertal growth spurt. Bone, 34: 771-775.
CrossRefDirect Link - Rauner, A., F. Mess and A. Woll, 2013. The relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and overweight in adolescents: A systematic review of studies published in or after 2000. BMC Pediatrics, Vol. 13.
CrossRefDirect Link - Rowlands, A.V., R.G. Eston and D.K. Ingledew, 1999. Relationship between activity levels, aerobic fitness and body fat in 8- to 10-yr-old children. J. Applied Physiol., 86: 1428-1435.
PubMedDirect Link - Ruiz, J.R., F.B. Ortega, A. Gutierrez, D. Meusel, M. Sjostrom and M.J. Castillo, 2006. Health-related fitness assessment in childhood and adolescence: A European approach based on the AVENA, EYHS and HELENA studies. J. Public Health, 14: 269-277.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wright, C.M., L. Parker, D. Lamont and A.W. Craft, 2001. Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: findings from thousand families cohort study. Br. Med. J., 323: 1280-1288.
Direct Link