Journal of Agronomy1812-53791812-5417Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ja.2020.145.155Amaranthus cruentus Using Time of Poultry Manure Incorporation in a Paleudult in Southeast Nigeria]]>EtengE.U. AnikweM.A.N. 32020193Background and Objective: The quality of the plant products is critical for enhancing micronutrient balance in the soil-plant–animal-human food chain. This study evaluates the time of soil biofortification with Poultry Manure (PM) incorporation on the bioavailability of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in edible plant parts of Amaranthus cruentus that will improve micronutrients and therefore, human nutrition. Materials and Methods: The experimental plots consisted of five intervals of biofortification using PM [1 and 2 WBT (weeks before transplanting), 0, 1 and 2WAT (weeks after transplanting)] arranged in RCBD with four replications. Data collected were: shoot height, shoot biomass yield, shoot micronutrient uptake, as well as the crude protein content of Amaranths. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the initial soil chemical properties were low to deficient in essential plant nutrients. Appropriate intervals of biofortification produced higher plant available micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) content. Biofortification of soil with PM at 2 WBT significantly (P<0.001) increased shoot height, shoot biomass yields, micronutrient nutrition, as well as the crude protein content of Amaranths relative to other treatments. The maximum economic return obtained at 2WBT was adjudged to be in better synchrony between nutrient supply and crop demand. The yield difference can be economical on large scale Amaranths cruentus production. Conclusion: Timely intervals of biofortification using PM at two weeks before transplanting (2WBT) was recommended for improving micronutrients nutrition for human consumption of Amaranths cruentus cultivated in tropical rain forest ecological zone of southeastern Nigeria.]]>White, P.J. and P.H. Brown,201010510731080White, P.J. and M.R. Broadley,200510586593Graham, R.D., R.M. Welch and H.E. Bouis,20017077142Welch, R.M. and R.D. Graham,199960110White, J.G. and R.J. Zasoski,1999601126Adekiya, A.O. and T.M. Agbede,2017Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).]]>16383388Welch, R.M. and L. Shuman,1995144982Welch, R.M.,20022478390Rengel, Z., G.D. Batten and D.E. Crowley,1999602740Poletti, S., W. Gruissem and C. Sautter,200415162165Eteng, E.U.,20158116Xu, Y., W. Yu, Q. Ma and M. Zhou,201359492499Eneji, A.E., M. Irshad, T. Honna, S. Yamamoto, T. Endo and T. Masuda,20033416691679Benke, M.B., S.P. Indraratne, X. Hao, C. Chang and T.B. Goh,200837798807Abu-Zahra, T.R., S.M. Abubaker, A.B. Tahboub and A.A. Al-Abbadi,2010811991202Amanullah, M.M., S. Sekar and P. Muthukrishnan,20109172182Boateng, S.A., J. Zickermann and M. Kornahrens,20069111Soremi, A.O., M.T. Adetunji, C.O. Adejuyigbe, J.G. Bodunde and J.O. Azeez,201711110Ewulo, B.S., S.O. Ojeniyi and D.A. Akanni,20083612616Ojeniyi, S.O., O.A. Amusan, and A.O. Adekiya,2013Xanthosoma saggitifolium) in southwest Nigeria.]]>13121125Makus, D.J., 19901990Broadley, M., P. Brown, I. Cakmak, Z. Rengel and F. Zhao,20122012pp: 191-248pp: 191-248Okoli, P.S.O. and I.A. Nweke,2015Amaranthus cruentus).]]>87376Adewole, M.B. and O.A. Dedeke,2012Amaranthus cruentus L. under repeated applications of poultry manures.]]>14345355FAO,20072007Ano, A.O. and J.A. Agwu,2005151419Eteng, E.U. and M.O. Nwagbara,2014Glycine max (L.) Merr.) using the penman model method in Umudike South Eastern Nigeria.]]>44958Soil Survey Staff,201011th Edn.,Pages: 337Pages: 337Thomas, G.W.,19961996pp: 475-490pp: 475-490Nelson, D.W., and L.E. Sommers,19961996pp: 961-1010pp: 961-1010Bremner, J.M.,19961996pp: 1085-1121pp: 1085-1121Thomas, G.W.,19821982pp: 159-166pp: 159-166Norvell, W.A.,19911991pp: 187-228pp: 187-228Sims. J.T. and G.V. Johnson,19911991pp: 427-477pp: 427-477Aluko, O.B. and D.J. Oyedele,20055357362Iren, O.B., D.O. Asawalam, and V.E. Osodeke, 2011Amaranthus cruentus in a rainforest ultisol in Nigeria.]]>7103116Maerere, A.P., G.C. Kimbi and D.L.M. Nonga,2001Amaranthus cruentus L.).]]>11421Ndukwe, O.O., C.O. Muoneke and K.P. Baiyeri,201114261270Ozores-Hampton, M.,201222743750Roy, S. and A. Kashem,2010048186Escobar, M.E.O. and N.V. Hue,20089986498654Zang, Y., X. Wei and M. Hao,20152015Yang, X.E., W.R. Chen and Y. Feng,200729413428Kolawole, G.O.,20146253258White, P.J. and M.R. Broadley,20091824984Fageria, V.D.,20012412691290Nabuloa, G., H. Oryem-Origa and M. Diamond,20061014252NRCRI,20182018