Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2001.301.308NaharBegum Samsun IkedaTakeshi 3200143An experiment was conducted during summer 1999 in and out sides of a glasshouse
to evaluate the effect of different soil water levels on growth, physiological
aspects and, production and abscission of flowers and pods of soybean. Three stress
treatments were imposed by 40, 60 and 80% reduced water from flower initiation
to maturity in the glasshouse. Two well-watered unstressed controls were also
included for comparison of performances in and out sides of the glasshouse. Fluctuation
in air temperature was 30 to 40°C in the glasshouse during reproductive period
and the inside air temperature was 3 to 4°C higher than outside of the glasshouse.
Leaf temperature, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, photosynthesis and
leaf water potential decreased with increase in water stress which influenced
the production and abscission of flowers and pods. Water stresses reduced pod
number due to both increased flower and pod abscission and fewer flowers per plant
with low photosynthesis, decreased leaf water potential and high leaf temperature.
In case of well watered soybean, pod number decreased in the glasshouse (T1)
than the outside (T0) treatment due to a little increase in abscission
of flowers and pods or low photosynthesis due to high air temperature inside the
glasshouse. The flower production was significant between T0, T1
and T2 treatments, while pod number and seed number were found to decrease
in T1 and T2 treatments due to increase in abscission percent
of flowers and pods with the variation of photosynthesis and its parameters. The
data indicated that environmentally induced variation in pod numbers in soybean
was the result of both changes in flower and pod abscission and the number of
reduced flower production. With the variation of high air temperature in the glasshouse,
pod and seed number were reduced in T1 than in T0 treatment.
Nitrogen accumulation of leaf declined drastically in T1 treatment
at R6 stage which was limiting factor for photosynthesis and finally
total dry matter as well as seed yield decreased in T1 compare to T0
treatment. The stress treatments reduced all growth parameters, dry matter production
and nitrogen accumulation thus seed yield decreased in T2, T3
and T4 treatments, respectively. The differences in different soil
water levels and temperature were reflected in lower production of total dry matter
and seed yield.]]>Ashley, D.A. and W.J. Ethridge,197870467471Barker, D.N., J.D. Hesketh and W.G. Duncan,197212431435Board, J.E. and B.G. Harville,199333772777Boyer, J.S.,197046236239Boyer, J.S., R.R. Johnson and S.G. Saupe,198072981986Brevedan, R.E., D.B. Egli and J.E. Leggett,1978708184Brun, W.A. and K.J. Betts,198475187191Caviness, C.E. and J.H. Thomas,198072977980Claassen, M.M. and R.H. Shaw,197062652655Clark, R.N. and E.A. Hiler,197313466469Constable, G.A. and A.B. Hearn,19785159167Cure, J.D., C.D. Raper, R.P. Patterson and W.A. Jackson,198323110115Davis, J.F.,194570237249Doss, B.D., R.W. Pearson and J.T. Rogers,197466297299Egli, D.B., J.H. Orf and T.W. Pfeiffer,198424587592Egil, D.B., R.D. Guffy and J.E. Leggett,198577917922Egli, D.B. and Y. Zhen-Wen,199131439442Fischer, R.A.,19731973pp: 233241Fukui, J., M. Ojima and I. Watanabe,196533432436Hansen, W.R. and R. Shibles,1978704750Heindl, J.C. and W.A. Brun,198424542545Heitholt, J.J., D.B. Egli and J.E. Leggett,198626589595Huff, A. and C.D. Dybing,1980Glycine max (L.) Merrill).]]>31751762Husain, M.M., G.D. Hill and J.N. Gallagher,1988Vicia faba L.) to irrigation and sowing date: 1. Yield and yield components.]]>111221232Ikeda, T. and S. Sato,19971179189Ishag, H.M.,1973Vicia faba L.): I. Yield and yield components.]]>80181189Ishihara, K., T. Nshihara, O. Lida and T. Ogura,197140491496Isoda, A., T. Yoshimura, T. Ishikawa, H. Nojima and Y. Takasaki,199463657663Jeffers, D.L. and R.M. Shibles,19699762764Jiwu, Y. and Y. Hong,1997528703712Konsens, I., M. Ofir and J. Kigel,1991Phaseolus vulgaris L.).]]>67391399Korte, L.L., J.H. Williams, J.E. Specht and R.C. Sorensen,198323521527Korte, L.L., J.E. Specht, J.H. Williams and R.C. Sorensen,198323528533Lawlor, D.W.,199752769778Lugg, D.G. and T.R. Sinclair,198115129137Mann, J.D. and E.G. Jaworski, 197010620624Mayaki, W.C., I.D. Teare and L.R. Stone, 1976169294McAlister, D.F. and O.A. Krober,195850674677McBlain, B.A. and D.J. Hume,198161499505Momen, N.N.N., R.E. Carison, R.H. Shaw and O. Arjmand,1979718690Morris, G.H., K. Ishihara, C.M. Peterson and T. Ushijima,198373422427Mwanamwenge, J., S.P. Loss, K.H.M. Siddique and P.S. Cocks,1999Vicia faba L.).]]>11111Neyshabouri, M.R. and J.L. Hatfield,1986157384Pilbeam, C.J., P.D. Hebblethwaite and H.E. Ricketts,1989114377390Reicosky, D.C. and D.E. Deaton,1979714550Robins, J.S. and C.E. Domingo,195345618621Saito, M., T. Yamamoto, K. Goto and K. Hashimoto,197039511519Schou, J.B., D.L. Jeffers and J.G. Streeter,1978182934Shaw, R.H. and D.R. Laing,19661966pp: 73-74pp: 73-74Sienit, N. and P.J. Kramer,197769274278Stobbe, E.H., D.P. Ormrod and C.J. Woolley,1966Phaseolus vulgaris L. as influenced by temperature.]]>44813819Suppiah, R.,199752693702Tanner, C.B.,196355210211Throne, G.N., M.A. Ford and D.J. Watson,196832425446Turner, N.C., Je. Begg, H.M. Rawson, S.D. English and A.B. Hearn,19785179194Van Schaik, P.H. and A.H. Probst,195850192197Weaver, M.L., H. Timm, M.J. Silbernagel and D.W. Burke,1985110797799Weaver, M.L. and H. Timm,19881133135Wiebold, W.J., D.A. Ashley and H.R. Boerma,1981734346Wien, H.C., E.J. Littleton and A. Ayanaba,19791979pp: 283-301pp: 283-301Zhang, F. and D.L. Smith,1999Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Physiology and Soybiotic Dinitrogen Foxation.]]>1999