Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2003.756.761Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in Worker and Drone Brood of the Honey Bee Apis mellifera L. under Michigan Conditions]]>GhamdiAhmad AlHoopingarnerRoger 8200368Reproductive biology of the mite Varroajacobsoni Oud. was studied under Michigan conditions in Apismellifera L. colonies. A total of 353 sealed worker brood cells containing 697 mother mites and 192 sealed drone brood cells containing 498 mother mites were found in 959 sealed worker brood cells and 344 sealed drone brood cells that were examined. Number of offspring were calculated using two different methods, the first one included adult females that either did not produce offspring, or produced only male and dead offspring. While the second method included mother mites producing only live female offspring. It was found that the mean number of females offspring reaching maturity before the bee emerged in worker and drone cells containing a single mother mite are 1.41 and 2.47 offspring, respectively (First method). When the non-reproducing and male only reproducing females (second method) were excluded the mean number increased to 1.82 for workers and 2.69 for drones. In case of the infestation with more than one adult female, the average number of offspring remained 1.09 for workers and 1.87 for drones (First method). These increased to 1.26 and 2.03, respectively, when non-reproducing and male only reproducing mother mites were excluded (Second method. This study found that 86.75 and 93% of the mites were fertile in worker and drone cells, respectively, when including those mother mites that produced male only offspring. Whereas excluding these offspring, the fertility decreased to 82 and 90% in worker and drone cells, respectively. The results also showed that the percentage of non-reproducing females was 11 and 7% in worker and drone cells, respectively. While the mortality percentage of mother mites was recorded 2.29 and 2.7% in worker and drone brood cells, respectively.]]>Blum, R.,1989Varroa jacobsoni.]]>1989Boecking, O.,1992Apis mellifera colonies towards sealed brood cells infested with Varroa jacobsoni: Techniques, extent and efficacy.]]>23371373Boot, W.J., J. Schoenmaker, J.N.M. Calis and J. Beetsma,1995Varroa jacobsoni into drone brood cells of the honeybee, Apis mellifera.]]>26109118Buchler, R. and W. Drescher,1990Apis mellifera L. and its correlation with increased Varroa jacobsoni Oud. infestation.]]>29172176Camazine, S.,1986Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), on Africanized and European honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae).]]>79801803De Jong, D.,1988Varroa jacobsoni does reproduce in worker cells of Apis cerana in South Korea.]]>19241244Donze, G. and P.M. Guerin,1994Varroa mites parasitizing honeybee brood.]]>34305319Engels, W., L.S. Goncalves, J. Steiner, A.H. Buriolla and M.R. Cavichio Issa,198617203216Fries, I., A. Aarhaus, H. Hansen and S. Korpella,1991Varroa jacobsoni in honey-bee (Apis mellifera) colonies.]]>10279287Fries, I., S. Camazine and J. Sney,1994Varroa jacobsoni: A model and a review.]]>75528Fuchs, S. and K. Langenbach,1989Apis mellifera L. brood cells and reproduction in Varroa jacobsoni Oud.]]>20257266Ifantidis, M.D.,1984Varroa mite on honeybees.]]>23227233Koeniger, N., G. Koeniger and H. Wijayagunasekaran,1981Varroa jacobsoni an ihren ursprunglichen Wirt Apis cerana in Sri Lanka.]]>123740Martin, S.J.,1994Varroa jacobsoni Qud. in worker brood of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. under natural conditions.]]>1887100Martin, S.J.,1995Varroa jacobsoni Oud. in drone brood of the honeybee Apis mellifera L.under natural conditions.]]>19199210Martin, S.J.,1995Varroa jacobsoni in cells of Apis mellifera containing one or more mother mites and the distribution fo these cells.]]>34187196Moosbeckhofer, R., M. Fabsicz and A. Kohlich,1988Varroa jacobsoni Ouf. vom Befallsgrad der Bienenvolker.]]>19181208Peng, Y.S., Y.Z. Fang, S.Y. Xu and L.H. Ge,1987Apis cerana Fabr., to an ectoparasitic mite, Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans.]]>495460Rath, W. and W. Drescher,1990Apis cerana Fabr. towards brood infested with Varroa jacobsoni Oud. and infestations rates of colonies in Thailand.]]>21311321Ritter, W. and D. De Jong,1984Varroa jacobsoni O. in Europe, the Middle East and tropical South America.]]>985557Rosenkranz, P. and W. Engels,198521265271Rosenkranz, P. and W. Engels,1994Varroa jacobsoni females after invasion into Apis mellifera worker brood as a tolerance factor against varroatosis.]]>25402411Rosenkranz, P., N.C. Tewarson, A. Rachinsky, A. Strambi, C. Strambi and W. Engels,1993Varroa jacobsoni in capped brood stages of Apis mellifera indica in comparison to Apis mellifera lingustica.]]>24375382Schulz, A.E.,1984Varroa Jacobsoni Oud. and its dependence on the brood cycle of its host Apis Mellifera.]]>15401420Sulmanovic, D., F. Ruttner and H. Pechhacker,1982Varroa jacobsoni.]]>3109112Tewarson, N.C., A. Singh and W. Engels,1992Varroa jacobsoni in colonies of Apis cerana indica under natural and experimental conditions.]]>23161171Thakur, R.K., Bienefeld and R. Keller,1996Apis mellifera carnica against Varroa jacobsoni [by means of filming with infrared videocamera].]]>27284286Thrybom, B. and I. Fries,1991Varroa jacobsoni in hybrid colonies of Apis mellifera Apis mellifera ligustica.]]>30151155De Ruijter, A. and N. Pappas, 1983Varroa jacobsoni Oud.]]>1983pp: 4144Ifantidis, M.,1990Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans.]]>1990