Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2007.1673.1678Oryza sativa L.) Under Vanillic Acid Stress]]>JazayeriO. AghajanzadehT. A.GildehB. Sadeghpour1020071010The effects of Vanillic Acid (VA) on germination, seedling and adult plant of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. Four cultivars, traditional (Taroom mahalli and Taroom deilamani) and improved (Shafagh and Onda) were studied. For germination, seeds were sterilized and then placed on Petri dish at 30°C at different concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 25 mM) for 7 days and growth factors of seedling were measured after 14 days. Seedling (10 days) planted in hydroponic medium including nutrient solution amended with 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 VA. After 30 days, the growth factors were determined. α-amylase and peroxidase activities were assayed by Bernfeld and Maehly methods, respectively. Present results indicated that as a result of increasing concentrations of VA, germination percentage and germination rate as well as α-amylase activity markedly decreased except Onda in all cultivars. In all cultivars, seedling growth factors such as shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight as well as root have been reduced by increasing of VA. In adult plant, also shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight were reduced by increasing concentrations of VA. Shoot fresh weight was decreased in Shafagh by increasing concentrations of VA; meanwhile, we have not observed any significant differences in the other cultivars. In the case of root dry weight, there were not significant differences in any cultivars. With increasing concentrations of VA, chlorophyll content reduced; on the contrary, peroxidase activity increased.]]>Arnon, D.I.,1949Beta vulgaris.]]>24115Baziramakenga, R., G.D. Leroux and R.R. Simard,19952112711285Bernfeld, P.,19551149158Blum, U., S.R. Shafer and M.E. Lehman,199918673693Booker, F.L., U. Blum and E.L. Fiscus,199292649655Bradford, M.M.,197672248254Chen, L.C., L.P. Liao, S.L. Wang and Z.Q. Huang,2002211922Chen, L.C., L.P. Liao and S.L. Wang,2003274146Chou, C.C. and H.J. Lin,1976Oryza sativa I. Phytotoxic effects of decomposing rice residues in soil.]]>2353367Dalton, B.R.,19991999pp: 57-74pp: 57-74Deltoro, V.I., C. Gimeno, A. Calatayud and E. Barreno,19992 fumigations on photosynthetic CO2 gas exchange, Chlorophyll a fluorescence emission and antioxidant enzymes in lichens Evernia prunastri and Ramalina Farinacea.]]>105648654Einhellig, F.A. and L. Kuan,197198155162Einhellig, F.A. and J.A. Rasmussen,19795815824Einhellig, F.A.,19951995pp: 96-116pp: 96-116Herrig, V., M.L. Ferrarese, L.S. Suzuki, J.D. Rodrigues and O. Ferrarese-Filho,2002355966Holapp, L. and U. Blum,199117865886Jia, W. and J. Zhang,1999106268275Kato-Naguchi, H. and F.A. Macias,200516213041307Komai, K., Y. Sugiwaka and S. Sato,1981Cyperus serotinus Rottb.).]]>145765Kuiters, A.T.,199039329348Lin, C.C. and C.H. Kao,199536169173Maehly, A.C. and B. Chance,19541357424Malanga, G. and S. Puntarulo,1995Chlorella vulgaris after exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation.]]>94672679Merise, W. and M. Singh,19931912931301Olofsdotter, M.,19981998pp: 15Patterson, D.T.,1981Glycine max).]]>295359Rice, E.L.,19842nd Edn.,Seal, A.N., T. Haig and J.E. Pratley,20043016631677Shalata, A. and M. Tal,1998Lycopersicon pennellii.]]>104169174Watanabe, K., H. Ohno, H. Yoshioka, J. Gershenzon and T.J. Mabry,1982Helianthus argophyllus.]]>21709713Yang, C.M., C.N. Lee and C.H. Chou,2002Oryza sativa) seedlings: I. Inhibition of supply-orientation.]]>43299304Yang, C.M., I.F. Chang, S.J. Lin and C.H. Chou,2004Oryza sativa) seedlings: II. Stimulation of consumption-orientation.]]>45119125Yu, J.Q. and Y. Matsui,1997Cucunis sativus) and allelochemicals on uptake by cucumber seedling.]]>23817827Yu, J.Q., S.F. Ye, M.F. Zhang and W.H. Hu,2003Cucumis sativus) and allelochemicals, on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cucumber.]]>31129139