Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2007.2008.2013Glomus etunicatum in the Tolerance of Toxicity]]>MalekzadehParviz KharaJalil FarshianShadi 1220071012 Soil microorganisms have been shown to possess several mechanisms capable of altering metal bioavailability for uptake into roots. In addition, root mycorrhizal associations have been shown to affect the rate of metal uptake. There is evidence that exposure of plants to excess concentrations of heavy metals such as Cu results in oxidative injury. In this study, effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum on tolerance of Cu toxicity in tomato plants was studied. In order to prepare seedling medium, we used washed and sterilized sand and agricultural soil. Tomato seeds were surface sterilized and planted in two pots. One filled just with sterilized sand (for non-mycorrhizal treatments) and the other filled with sterilized sand mixed with G. intraradices mycorrhizal inoculum. We were certain about complete colonization after 4 weeks, so we transferred three seedlings to each main pot. Plants grew in growth chamber for nine weeks. During growth period plants received modified Hoagland’
s solution (with half P content) with Cu concentration of 0, 1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7.5 mM CuSO4 in triplicates. Antioxidant enzymes activity, Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Guaiacol Peroxidase (GPX) and Root Length Colonization (RLC) percentage in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were measured. APX activity in mycorrhizal shoots increased but there was no significant correspondent increase in roots of these plants. GPX activity in mycorrhizal roots increased but there was no significant correspondent increase in shoots of these plants. Activity of this enzyme in roots and shoots of mycorrhizal plantshigher than non-mycorrhizal plants. Estimation of root length colonizatinon by gridline intersect method, increase in Cu concentration, colonization percentage decreased significantly. The data show the possible role of mycorrhiza in plant protection against Cu toxicity.]]>Asada, K.,199950601639Burleigh, S.H., B.K. Kristensen and I.E. Bechmann,20035210771088Chang, C.J. and C.H. Kao,19982O2 metabolism during senescence of rice leaves: Changes in enzyme activities in light and darkness.]]>251115El-Kherbawy,M., J.S. Angle, A. Heggo and R.L. Chaney,1989Medicago sativa L.).]]>86165Elstner, E.F.,1982337396Fitz, W.J. and W.W. Wenzel,200299259278Gadkar, V., R. David-Schwartz, T. Kunik and Y. Kapulnik,200112714931499Gildon, A. and P.B. Tinker,198395263268Giovannetti, M. and B. Mosse,198084489500Gonzalez-Chavez, C.D., J. D'Haen, J. Vangronsveld and J.C. Dodd,2002Glomus spp. (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) isolated from the same polluted soil.]]>240287297Hildebrandt, U., M. Kaldorf and H. Bothe,1999154709717Hildebrandt, U., E. Schmelzer and H. Bothe,2002115125136Johnson, C.R.,1984803542Jung, S.,2004Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to drought.]]>166459466Kaldorf, M., A.J. Kuhn, W.H. Schroder, U. Hildebrandt and H. Bothe,1999154718728Killham, K. and M.K. Firestone,1983723948Leyval, C., B.R. Singh and E.J. Joner,199584203216Li, X.L. and P. Christie,200142201207Malcova, R., M. Voslitka and M. Gryndler,2003Glomus intraradices on lead uptake by Zea mays L. and Agrostis capillaris L.]]>235567Malekzadeh, P., J. Khara and S. Farshian,2007Glomus etunicatum) on some physiological growth parameters of tomato plant under copper toxicity in solution.]]>1013261330Malekzadeh, P., J. Khara, S. Farshian, A.K. Jamal-Abad and S. Rahmatzadeh,200710127131Ott, T., E. Fritz, A. Polle and A. Schutzendubel,2002Paxillus involutus (Bartsch) Fr. and its reaction to cadmium.]]>42359366Paradi, I., Z. Bratek and F. Lang,2003P. lanceolata.]]>46563569Phillips, J.M. and D.S. Hayman,197055158161Rabie, G.H.,20054332345Rufyikiri, G., S. Declerck, J.E. Dufey and B. Delvaux,2000148343352Rufyikiri, G., L. Huysmans, J. Wannijn, M. Van Hees, C. Leyval and I. Jakobsen,2004130427436Ryan, M.H. and J.F. Angus,2003250225239Schuepp, H., B. Dehn and H. Sticher,1987618595Tong, Y.P., R. Kneer and Y.G. Zhu,2004979Vogel-Mikus, K., D. Drobne and M. Regvar,2005Thlaspi praecox Wulf. (Brassicaceae) from the vicinity of a lead mine and smelter in Slovenia.]]>133233242Weissenhorn, I., C. Leyval, G. Belgy and J. Berthelin,1995Zea mays L.) in pot culture with contaminated soil.]]>5245251Weissenhorn, I., C. Leyval, G. Belgy and J. Berthelin,1995Zea mays L.) in pot culture with contaminated soil.]]>5245251Yu, X., J. Cheng and M.H. Wong,200537195201