Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2010.664.673MansourianAzad R.1220101314This literature review was conducted to summarize the main points of maternal thyroid function tests, with particular attention in the first trimester of pregnancy which accompanied with significant biochemical and metabolic alteration. The evaluation of thyroid function of either hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism should be assessed by determination of serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Iodine and Thyroid Autoantibodies. Glomerular filtration rate is increased during pregnancy; therefor iodine deficiency should be evaluated during the pregnancy to prevent hypothyroidism. The role which can be played by Human Chronic Gonadotropin (hCG) on stimulating the thyroid gland to become over-active was investigated. Serum level of thyroglobulin (Tg) and Thyroxin Binding Globulin (TBG) should be assessed for proper assessments of thyroid gland during pregnancy. Thyroid function tests during first-trimester of pregnancy and particularly the reference interval for thyroid function tests for pregnant women in each region has to be established, to prevent mis-diagnosis and irreversible mental and physical adverse affect for growing fetus.]]>Ain, K.B., Y. Mori and S. Refetoff,198765689696Al-Yatama, M., M. Diejomaoh and M. Nandakumaran,2002266218222Amino, N., K. Miayi, R. Kuro, O. Tanizawa and M. Azukizawa et al.,197787155159Amino, N., K. Miayi, T. Onishi, T. Hashimoto and K. Arai,197642296301Amino, N., H. Mori, Y. Iwatani, O. Tanizawa and M. Kawashima et al.,1982306849852Bartalena, L.,1990114764Bech, K., J. Hertel, N.G. Rasumssen, L. Hegedus and P.J. Hornnes et al.,1991125146146Bishnoi, A. and I. Sachmechi,199653215220Boss, M. and D. Kingstone,19792550550Bouillon, R., M. Naesens and F.A. 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