Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2012.621.628Azolla pinnata Growth Performance in Different Water Sources]]>NordiahB. HarahZ. Muta SidikB. Japar HazmaW.N. Wan 1220121513Azolla pinnata R.Br. growth performance experiments in different water sources were conducted from May until July 2011 at Aquaculture Research Station, Puchong, Malaysia. Four types of water sources (waste water, drain water, paddy field water and distilled water) each with different nutrient contents were used to grow and evaluate the growth performance of A. pinnata. Four water sources with different nutrient contents; waste, drain, paddy and distilled water as control were used to evaluate the growth performance of A. pinnata. Generally, irrespective of the types of water sources there were increased in plant biomass from the initial biomass (e.g., after the first week; lowest 25.2% in distilled water to highest 133.3% in drain water) and the corresponding daily growth rate (3.61% in distilled water to 19.04% in drain water). The increased in biomass although fluctuated with time was consistently higher in drain water compared to increased in biomass for other water sources. Of the four water sources, drain water with relatively higher nitrate concentration (0.035±0.003 mg L-1) and nitrite (0.044±0.005 mg L-1) and with the available phosphate (0.032±0.006 mg L-1) initially provided the most favourable conditions for Azolla growth and propagation. Based on BVSTEP analysis (PRIMER v5), the results indicated that a combination of more than one nutrient or multiple nutrient contents explained the observed increased in biomass of A. pinnata grown in the different water sources.]]>Anand, T. and G.N. Pereira,2006Azolla as a biofertilizer in coffee plantations.]]>2006Bray, J.R. and J.T. Curtis,195727325349Clarke, K.R. and R.M. Warwick,20012nd Edn.,Fang, Y.Y., O. Babourina, Z. Rengel, X.E. Yang and P.M. Pu,2007Landoltia punctata.]]>99365370FAO,1978Ito, O. and I. Watanabe,1983Azolla-anabaena symbiosis.]]>95647654Kannaiyan, S.,2002Khan, M.M.,1983Azolla Production and Utilization in Agriculture.]]>Lumpkin, T.A. and D.L. Plucknett,1980Azolla: Botany, physiology and use as a green manure.]]>34111153Lumpkin, T.A. and L. Plucknett,1982Lumpkin, T.A.,1987Azolla growth.]]>1987pp: 8995Moretti, A. and G.S. Gigliano,1988Azolla.]]>6131136Parsons, T.R., Y. Maita and C.M. Lalli,1984Peters, G.A. and J.C. Meeks,198940193210Sah, R.N., S.S. Goyal and D.W. Rains,198911718Sarkar, A. and S. Jana,1985Azolla pinnata.]]>271518Sheeno, T.P. and N.P. Sahu,2006Labeo rohita fry.]]>1126135Wagner, G.M.,199763126Watanabe, I.,1977Watanabe, I. and C.C. Liu,19921415767Weiguo, C., H. Sakai, M. Matsushima, K. Yagi and T. Hasegawa,2010Azolla filiculoides to elevated CO2, temperature and phosphorus levels.]]>656514Zar, J.H.,19842nd Edn.,Pages: 718Pages: 718