Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2014.1.8SinghKriti ChandraSubhash 12014171Bioremediation play key role in the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated environment. Exposure of petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment occurs either due to human activities or accidentally and cause environmental pollution. Petroleum hydrocarbon cause many toxic compounds which are potent immunotoxicants and carcinogenic to human being. Remedial methods for the treatment of petroleum contaminated environment include various physiochemical and biological methods. Due to the negative consequences caused by the physiochemical methods, the bioremediation technology is widely adapted and considered as one of the best technology for the treatment of petroleum contaminated environment. Bioremediation utilizes the natural ability of microorganism to degrade the hazardous compound into simpler and non hazardous form. This paper provides a review on the role of bioremediation in the treatment of petroleum contaminated environment, discuss various hazardous effects of petroleum hydrocarbon, various factors influencing biodegradation, role of various enzymes in biodegradation and genetic engineering in bioremediation.]]>Alexander, M., 1994Pages: 692Pages: 692Amro, M.M.,20042004pp: 111Atlas, R.M.,197530396403Atlas, R.M.,19882nd Edn.,pp: 352-353pp: 352-353Atlas, R.M. and R. Bartha,19721818511855Austin, B., J.J. Calomiris, J.D. Walker and R.R. Colwell,1977346068Bartha, R. and I. Bossert,19841984pp: 553-578pp: 553-578Bidoia, E.D., R.N. Montagnolli and P.R.M. Lopes,20102010pp: 1277-1288pp: 1277-1288Boguslawska-Was, E. and W. Dabrowski,2001203451458Bossert, I. and R. Bartha,19841984pp: 435-473pp: 435-473Broderick, J.B.,199934173189Bruheim, P. and K. Eimhjellen,1998442195199Carneiro, F.M., L.M. Bini and L.C. Rodrigues,201010249255Carmichael, L.M. and F.K. Pfaender,19978113Cerniglia, C.E.,1984303171Cerniglia, C.E.,19841984pp: 98-128pp: 98-128Chaillan, F., C.H. Chayneau, V. Point, A. Saliot and J. Oudot,2006144255265Chaillan, F., A. le Fleche, E. Bury, Y.H. Phantavong, P. Grimont, A. Saliot and J. Oudot,2004155587595Chaineau, C.H., G. Rougeux, C. Yepremian and J. Oudot,20053714901497Chen, C.S., Y.C. Hseu, S.H. Liang, J.Y. Kuo and S.C. Chen,2008153351356Choi, S.C., K.K. Kwon, J.H. Sohn and S.J. Kim,200212431436Cooney, J.J.,19841984pp: 399-433pp: 399-433Delille, D., F. Coulon and E. Pelletier,2004406170Dibble, J.T. and R. Bartha,197937729739Pieper, D.H. and W. Reineke,200011262270Fusey, P. and J. Oudot,198415136141Gelin, A., V. Gravez and G.J. Edgar,2003Jessica oil spill impacts on intertidal invertebrate communities.]]>4613771384Gibbs, C.F., K.B. Pugh and A.R. Andrews,19751888394Gomer, C.J. and D.M. Smith,1980187585Gong, P., B.M. Wilke, E. Strozzi and S. Fleischmann,200144491500Halden, R.U., S. M. Tepp, B.G. Halden and D.F. Dwyer,1999Pseudomonas pseudoalcalignes POB310 (pPOB) and two modified Pseudomonas strains.]]>6533543359Iida, T., T. Sumita, A. Ohta and M. Takagi,20001610771087Van Beilen, J.B., M. Neuenschwander, T.H.M. Smits, C. Roth, S.B. Balada and B. Witholt,200218417221732Jobson, A., F.D. Cook and D.W.S. Westlake,19722310821089De Jong, E.,198022187196Kim, S.J., D.H. Choi, D.S. Sim and Y.S. Oh,200559845852Knafla, A., K.A. Phillipps, R.W. Brecher, S. Petrovic and M. Richardson,200645159168Lee, A., M.R. Bye and R.B. Mellins,20062006pp: 653-660pp: 653-660Leahy, J.G. and R.R. Colwell,199054305315Lewis, C., C. Pook and T. Galloway,2008Arenicola marina (L.) and Nereis virens (Sars).]]>907381Liu, Z., A.M. Jacobson and R.G. Luthy,199561145151Madsen, E.L.,1991in situ biodegradation.]]>2516631672Maeng, J.G., Y. Sakai, Y. Tani and N. Kato,1996Acinetobacter sp. strain M-I.]]>17836953700Maki, H., T. Sasaki and S. Harayama,20014411451151Mandal, A.K., P.M. Sarma, M. Dwivedi, A. Swaleh and B. Lal et al.,20072007pp: 113McDonald, I.R., C.B. Miguez, G. Rogge, D. Bourque, K.D. Wendlandt, D. Groleau and J.C. Murrell,2006255225232Milic, J.S., V.P. Beskoski, M.V. Ilic, S.A.M. Ali, G.D. Gojgic-Cvijovic and M.M. Vrvic,200974455460Miller, R.,19941994Okolo, J.C., E.N. Amadi and C.T.I. Odu,200534753Oudot, J., F.X. Merlin and P. Pinvidic,199845113125Pelletier E., D. Delille and B. Delille,200457311327Perry, J.J.,19841984pp: 61-98pp: 61-98Peterson, C.H.,2001391103Plaza, G., K. Ulfig, T.C. Hazen and R.L. Brigmon,200150205218Rahman, K.S.M., T.J. Rahman, Y. Kourkoutas, I. Petsas, R. Marchant and I.M. Banat,2003n-alkane in petroleum sludge using bacterial consortium amended with rhamnolipid and micronutrients.]]>90159168Prescott, L.M., J.P. Harley and D.A. Klein,20025th Edn.,Pages: 1026Pages: 1026Rice, S.D., J.W. Short, M.G. Carls, A. Moles and R.B. Spies,20072007pp: 419-520pp: 419-520Schwarz, J.R., J.D. Walker and R.R. Colwell,197428982986Schwarz, J.R., J.D. Walker and R.R. Colwell,1975in situ temperature and pressure.]]>21682687Semple, K.T., B.J. Redi and T.R. Fermor,2001112269283Singer, M.E. and W.R. Finnerty,19841984pp: 1-59pp: 1-59Singh, H.,2006Szaro, R.C., M.P. Dieter and G.H. Heinz,197817426436Torres, M.A., M.P. Barros, S.C.G. Campos, E. Pinto, S. Rajamani, R.T. Sayre and P. Colepicolo,200871115Van Beilen, J.B., E.G. Funhoff, A. van Loon, A. Just and L. Kaysser et al.,2006725965Van Dyke, M.I.,19974th Edn.,Van Dyke, M.I., H. Lee and J.T. Trevors,19919241252Van Hamme, J.D., A. Singh and O.P. Ward,200367503549Volkering, F., A.M. Breure and J.G. Van Andel,199340535540Von Wedel, R.J., J.F. Mosquera, C.D. Godsmith, G.R. Hater and A. Wong et al.,1998In situ augmented bioreclamation with enriched isolates in California.]]>20501503Walker, J.D., R.R. Colwell, Z. Vaituzis and S.A. Meyer,1975Prototheca zopfi.]]>254423424Walker, J.D., R.R. Colwell and L. Petrakis,19762212091213Ward, D.M. and T.D. Brock,197835353359Wrabel, M.L. and P. Peckol,2000Fucus vesiculosus.]]>40135139Wyszkowska, J. and J. Kucharski,20009479485Yoshida, M., H. Michel, L.A. Sazanov, S. Yoshikawa and J. Barber et al.,200617571551Samiullah, Y.,19852235264Yumoto, I., A. Nakamura, H. Iwata, K. Kojima, K. Kusumoto, Y. Nodasaka and H. Matsuyama,2002Dietzia psychralcaliphila sp. nov., a novel, facultatively psychrophilic alkaliphile that grows on hydrocarbons.]]>528590Zhang, L., K. Sannes, A.J. Shusterman and C. Hansch,199281149180