Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2021.268.273in ovo Injection of Certain Vitamins to Improve the Physiological Conditions of Hatching Chicks]]>GoudaAhmed GoudaAhmed TolbaSamar A. TolbaSamar A. M. El-MoniaryMosaad M. El-MoniaryMosaad 22021242Background and Objective: Exposure of breeder hens to hyperthermia causes disturbances in the breeder’s eggs due to insufficient nutrient deposition from heat-stressed hen into the egg. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the adverse effects of heat stress on hatchability, embryonic growth and hatchling health status could be ameliorated by in ovo injection of certain vitamins. Materials and Methods: A total of 270 fertile eggs from Fayoumi breeders (45 weeks) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (45 eggs/group). During the egg collection period in the summer season, birds were maintained at 9-13°C above the standard thermo-neutral temperature. The experimental groups were: negative control (eggs not injected either with vitamins or Sterile Deionized Water (SDW)), positive control (eggs injected with 0.1 mL of SDW/egg) and four other treatments in which vitamins A, E, D3 and folic acid were injected (1 mg of each vitamin dissolved in 0.1 mL of SDW/egg). The eggs were incubated at 37.7°C and 65% relative humidity in an automatic incubator. Results: The residual yolk, embryo length and weight and hatchability% were improved (p<0.01) in all vitamins in ovo injected groups compared with both controls. Hatchling weight and the assessed health status indices were increased (p<0.01) in all vitamins in ovo injected groups compared with both controls. Conclusion: It is concluded that direct injection of vitamins into eggs laid by heat-stressed breeders is an effective way of reducing the disturbance in eggs resulting from inadequate nutrient deposition from hen to egg.]]>Adesogan, A.T., A.H. Havelaar, S.L. McKune, M. Eilittä and G.E. Dahl, 20202020Vieira, S.L.,2007918Lara, L.J. and M.H. Rostagno,20133356369Zhu, Y., L. Lu, X. Liao, W. Li and L. Zhang,201788966589680Bakyaraj, S., S.K. Bhanja, S. Majumdar and B. Dash,2012in ovo supplemented nutrients in broiler chickens.]]>92313320Siwek, M., A. Slawinska, K. Stadnicka, J. Bogucka, A. Dunislawska and M. Bednarczyk,2018in ovo delivery for improved lifespan condition in chicken.]]>2018Bakyaraj, S., S.K. Bhanja, S. Majumdar and B. Dash,2012in ovo supplemented nutrients in broiler chickens.]]>92313320Shafey, T.M., H.A. Al-Batshan, A.N. Al-Owaimer and K.A. Al-Samawei,2010in ovo administration of L-carnitine on hatchability performance, glycogen status and insulin-like growth factor-1 of broiler chickens.]]>51122131Lin, Y.F., H.L. Tsai, Y.C. Lee and S.J. Chang,200513524572461Fouad, A.M., W. Chen, D. Ruan, S. Wang, W.G. Xia and C.T. Zheng,2016158195Kirk, S., G.C. Emmans, R. McDonald and D. Arnot,1980213753Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf and F. Rubel,200615259263Ohta, Y. and M.T. Kidd,2001in ovo amino acid injection in broiler breeder eggs.]]>8014251429Willemsen, H., N. Everaert, A. Witters, L. De Smit and M. Debonne et al.,20088723582366Tucker, J.K., N.I. Filoramo, G.L. Paukstis and F.J. Janzen,19981998488492Sgavioli, S., C. Domingues, E. Santos, T. de Quadros and L. Borges,2016in-ovo ascorbic acid injection on the bone development of broiler chickens submitted to heat stress during incubation and rearing.]]>18153162Turkson, P.K. and E.Y. Ganyo,20152015Weichselbaum, T.E. and C.A.U.S. Sn,1946164049Suzuki, Y.,200723733738Sánchez-Carbayo, M., M. Mauri, R. Alfayate, C. Miralles and F. Soria,199932395403Houston, B. and I.E. O'Neill,1991128389393Bosiers, M., G. Torsello, H.M. Gißler, J. Ruef and S. Müller-Hülsbeck et al.,200916261269Bhattacharyya, A., S. Majumdar, S.K. Bhanja, A.B. Mandal and M.M. Kadam,2017in ovo injection of nutrients on the hatchability indices, post-hatch growth, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and immunocompetence traits of turkey poults.]]>46287294Gonzales, E., C.P.d. Cruz, N.S.M. Leandro, J.H. Stringhini and A.B.d. Brito, 201315199202Subramaniyan, S.A., D. Kang, S.H. Siddiqui, J. Park, W. Tian, B. Park and K. Shim,2020In Ovo supplementation with nanonutrition (L-Arginine conjugated with Ag NPs) on muscle growth, immune response and heat shock proteins at different chicken embryonic development stages.]]>2020Abd El-Azeem, N.A., M.S. Abdo, M. Madkour and I. El-Wardany,2014in ovo injection with folic acid or L-carnitine during embryogenesis.]]>13544551Yu, M., H. Wang, Y. Xu, D. Yu and D. Li,201539910922Gregory A. Brent.,201212230353043Herrmann, W. and R. Obeid,20111st Ed., Vol. 5, Pages: 726Pages: 726Chen, W. and G.Chen,20143453479Garg, D.P., A.K. Bansal, A. Malhotra, R. Kiran and D. Dhawan,200993127132Liu, J.J. and R.L. Ward, 20107179121