Pakistan Journal of Nutrition1680-51941994-7984Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjn.2009.1766.1772MushtaqRehana MushtaqRubina KhanZahida Tasawar112009811The effects of supplemented whole grain consumption for 4 weeks on Body Mass Index (BMI), total Cholesterol (CHO), Triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL) in obese female subjects of 4 major ethnic groups in Quetta, i.e., Pathan (P), Baloch (B), Hazara (H) and Punjabi (PU) were studied. Two groups each of 32 obese female subjects and comprising 8 subjects from each ethnic group were chosen from the volunteers on the selection criteria according to World Health Organization (1998). The subjects of the group taken as control used the conventionally available carbohydrates in meals and another batch referred as treated subjects consumed 50g cereals in breakfast and whole grain chapattis in lunch and dinner for 4 weeks. Twelve hours fasting blood sample was taken from control and whole grain treated obese subjects a day after the completion of experiment duration. Lower BMI had been observed in the subjects of all the ethnic groups compared to their respective control, however, significantly (p<0.01) only in PU group. Significantly lower concentration of total cholesterol in fiber consuming subjects of B (p<0.01) and PU (p<0.05) ethnic groups was demonstrated compare to their respective controls. Similarly Triglycerides (TG) concentrations were lesser in all ethnic groups but not significant statistically. Trend of greater concentration of HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol in the fiber taking subjects in all the ethnic groups was only significant (p<0.05) compare to their controls in P and PU groups, respectively.]]>Anderson, J.W.,20048014591460Anderson, J.W., L. Story, B. Sieling and W.L. Chen,198445140149Anderson, J.W., N.H. Gilinsky, D.A. Deakins, S.F. Smith, D.S. O'Neal, D.W. Dillon and P.R. Oeltgen,199154678683Anderson, J.W., T.J. Hanna, X. Peng and R.J. Kryscio,200019291299Baron, J.A., A. Schori, B. Crow, R. Carter and J.I. Mann,19867612931296Burton-Freeman, B.,2000130272275Chen, W.L. and J.W. Anderson,1979162310313NIH.,1998651S209SEsmaillzadeh, A., P. Mirmiran and F. Azizi,200559353362Gariot, P., J.P. Digy, P. Genton, D. Lambert, R.M. Bau and G. Debry,198630369373Hanson, R.L., G. Imperatore, P.H. Bennett and W.C. Knowler,20025131203127Heaton, K.W. and E.W. Pomare,197414950Howarth, N.C., E. Saltzman and S.B. Roberts,200159129139Jacobs, D.R., L. Marquart, J. Slavin and L.H. Kushi,1998308596Jenkins, D.J.A., A.L. Jenkins, T.M.S. Wolver, G.R. Collier, A.V. Rao and L.U. Thompson,198722132141Jenkins, D.J., V. Wesson, T.M. Wolever, A.L. Jenkins and J. Kalmusky et al.,1988297958960Johnston, L., H.R. Reynolds, M. Patz, D.B. Hunninghake, K. Schultz and B. Westereng,19981612Kashtan, H., H.S. Stern and D.J.A. Jenkins,199255976980Katz, D.L., H. Nawaz, J. Boukhalil, W. Chan, R. Ahmadi, V. Giannamore and P.M. Sarrel,200133476484Khan, L.K., M.K. Serdula, B.A. Bowman and D.F. Williamson,2001134282286Kirby, R.W., J.W. Anderson, B. Sieling, E.D. Rees, W.L. Chen, R.E. Miller and R.M. Kay,198134824824Koh-Banerjee, P., M. Franz, L. Sampson, S. Liu and D.R. Jr. Jacobs et al.,20048012371245Krauss, R.M., R.H. Eckel, B. Howard, L.J. Appel and S.R. Daniels et al.,2000222842299Lakka, H.M., D.E. Laaksonen, T.A. Lakka, L.K. Niskanen, E. Kumpusalo, J. Tuomilehto and J.T. Salonen,200228827092716Lampe, J.W., J.L. Slavin, K.S. Baglien, W.O. Thompson, W.C. Duane and J.H. Zavoral,19915312351241Lara-Castro, C. and W.T. Garvey,20048941974205Lew, E.,198510310241029Liu, S. and J. Manson,200112395404Liu, S. and J.E. Manson,2001322631632Liu, S.,200221298306Liu, S., H.D. Sesso, J.E. Manson, W.C. Willett and J.E. Buring,200377594599Liu, S., M.J. Stampfer, F.B. Hu, E. Giovannucci and E. Rimm et al.,199970412419Liu, S., W.C. Willett, J.E. Manson, F.B. Hu, B. Rosner and G. Colditz,200378920927Ludwig, D.S., M.A. Pereira, C.H. Kroenke, J.E. Hilner, L. van Horn, M.L. Slattery and D.R. Jr. Jacobs,199928215391546Marsh, K. and J. Brand-Miller,20082142150McDougall, R.M., L. Yakymyshyn, K. Walker and O.G. Thurston,197821433435McKeown, N.M., J.B. Meigs, S. Liu, E. Saltzman, P.W. Wilson and P.F. Jacques,200427538546McKeown, N.M., J.B. Meigs, S. Liu, P.W. Wilson and P.F. Jacques,200276390398Mokdad, A.H., B.A. Bowman, E.S. Ford, F. Vinicor and J.S. Marks et al.,200128611951200Mokdad, A.H., M.K. Serdula, W.H. Dietz, B.A. Bowman, J.S. Marks and J.P. Koplan,199928215191522Moore, D.J., F.J. White, P.R. Flatt and D.V. Parke,1985396367Munoz, J.M., H.H. Sandstead, R.A. Jacob, G.M. Jr. Logan and S.J. Reck et al.,197932580592Newby, P.K., D. Muller, J. Hallfrisch, R. Andres and K.L. Tucker,200480504513Ogden, C.L., M.D. Carroll, L.R. Curtin, M.A. McDowell, C.J. Tabak and K.M. Flegal,200629515491555Pereira, M.A. and D.S. Ludwig,200148969980Persson, I., K. Raby, P. Fonss-Bech and E. Jensen,197024334335Putnam, J., J. Allshouse and L.S. Kantor,200225215Reaven, G.M.,19883715951607Resnick, H.E., K. Jones, G. Ruotolo, A.K. Jain, J. Henderson, W. Lu and B.V. Howard,200326861867Rhodes, J., G.R. Jones, R.G. Newcombe and D. Davies,19775310314Ripsin, C.M., J.M. Keenan, D.R. Jacobs, P.J. Elmer and R.R. Welch et al.,199226733173325Roberts, S.B., M.A. McCrory and E. Saltzman,200221140145Ruhm, C.J.,2007Sahyoun, N.R., P.F. Jacques, X.L. Zhang, W. Juan and N.M. McKeown,200683124131Schulz, M., U. Nothlings, K. Hoffman, M.M. Bergmann and H. Boeing,200513511831189Serdula, M.K., A.H. Mokdad, D.F. Williamson, D.A. Galuska, J.M. Mendlein and G.W. Heath,199928213531358Slavin, J.L.,200521411418Slavin, J.L., M.C. Martini, D.R. Jacobs and L. Marquart,199970459463Thompson, W.G., N. Rostad-Holdman, D.J. Janzow, J.M. Slezak, K.L. Morris and M.B. Zemel,20051313441353USDA and USDHHS,19954th Edn.,USDA. and HHS.,20056th Edn.,Pages: 84Pages: 84US Department of Agriculture,20005th Edn.,US Department of Health and Human Services,20011st Edn.,pp: 1096pp: 1096Van Berge-Henegouwen, G.P., A.W. Huybregts, S. van der Werf, P. Demacker and R.W. Schade,197932794798Vorster, H.H., A.P. Lotter and I. Odendaal,198669435438Willett, W.C.,199867556562World Health Organization,1997pp: 786-987pp: 786-987Yoo, S., T. Nicklas, T. Baranowski, I.F. Zakeri, S.J. Yang, S.R Srinivasan and G.S. Berenson,200480841848