Pakistan Journal of Nutrition1680-51941994-7984Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjn.2009.737.744Pennisetum americanum) and Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Seeds for Flour Production: Effects on Composition and Selected Functional Properties]]>OnweluzoJ.C. NwabugwuC.C. 6200986The effects of period of fermentation on the chemical composition and selected functional properties of millet (Pennisetum americanum) and Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed flours were examined. The fermentation time ranged from 24-96 h. Flours of the unfermented seeds served as controls. Fermentation for 24 h decreased (p<0.05) crude protein in both millet and pigeon pea flours. At 72 h, significant increase (p<0.05) in crude protein occurred in pigeon pea. Ether extract and metabolizable energy increased (p<0.05) in both flours at 72 h fermentation. Apparent decreases (p>0.05) occurred in the total ash of both flours with increase in fermentation time except at the 96 h of pigeon pea. Tannin level was lowest in both flours at 72 h. Significant (p<0.05) decreases in cyanide occurred in pigeon pea from the 24 h and was lowest at the 72 h. Phytate was low in both flours. A 10% (w/v) gruel of millet and pigeon pea flour exhibited 363 cp and 380 cp apparent viscosity respectively at 72 h fermentation. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in water absorption capacity occurred only at the early stages (24 and 48 h) of fermentation in millet. Water Solubility Index increased in both flours with increase in fermentation period while reconstitution time reduced significantly (p<0.05). Least gelation concentration increased by 100% in pigeon pea at 48 h and 72 h. Fermenting for 72 h seem to offer some advantages over other periods.]]>Achinewhu, S.C.,1986Telferia occidentalis).]]>3697107Achinewhu, S.C. and M.O. Isichei,1990Telferia occidentalis Hook).]]>26265Apata, D.F. and A.D. Ologhobo,199449333338Amadi, E.N., I.S. Barimalaa and J. Omosigho,1999Vigna subterranea) to produce a dawadawa-type product.]]>541320Ariahu, C.C., U. Ukpabi and K.O. Mbajunwa,1999Treculia africana and soybean Glycine max based food formulations 2: Effects of germination and fermentation on microbiological and physical properties.]]>54207216Chandra, A.K., D. Lahari and S. Mukhopadhyay,2005429598Deshpande, S.S. and M. Cheryan,1983Phaseolus vulgaris L.).]]>27317377Dela-Vega, A. and A. Sotelo,1986Phaseolus lunatus).]]>367583Ezeji, C. and P.C. Ojimelukwe,199344267276Ene-Obong, H.N.,1995in vitro protein digestibility of the African yambean, pigeon pea and cowpea.]]>48225233Ene-Obong, H.N. and I.C. Obizoba,1996Sphenostylis stenocarpa).]]>494352Eneche, E.H.,1999542127Egli, I., L. Davidsson, M.A. Tuillert, D. Barclay and R.F. Hurrell,20026734843488Elkhalifa, A.E.O., B. Schiffler and R. Bernhardt,2006432627Frazier, W.C. and D.C. Westhoff,19783rd Edn.,Fardiaz, D. and P. Markakis,198146523525FAO.,1982FAO.,1995FAO,2002Hesseltine, C.W.,196557149197Ikediobi, C.O., G.O.C. Onyia and C.C. Eluwa,19804428032809Igene, F.U., S.O. Oboh and V.A. Aletor,200532831Kazanas, N. and M.L. Fields,198146819821Khetarpaul, N. and B.M. Chauhan,1990In vitro digestibility and utilization of fermented flour for weaning mixtures.]]>40167173Lin, M.J.Y., E.S. Humbert and F.W. Sosulski,197439368370Montgomery, R.D.,19801980pp: 143-161pp: 143-161Makinde, M.A. and P.A. Lachance,1989108593Mensah, P.P.A., A.M. Tomkins, B.S. Drasar and T.J. Harrison,1990336140143Mensah, P.P.A., A.M. Tomkins, B.S. Draser and T.J. Harrison,199170203210Mulimani, V.H., N.S. Kadi and S. Thippeswamy,2003Cajanus cajan L.) varieties.]]>40371373Nout, M.J.R., J.G.A.J. Hautvast, F.V.D. Haar, W.E.W. Marks and F.M. Rombouts,19881988pp: 245-260pp: 245-260Nnam, N.M.,199533273279Nnam, N.M.,1999203540Nnam, N.M. and P.N. Obiakor,2003Adansonia digitata) seeds and rice (Oryza sativa) grains.]]>42265277Nwanekezi, E.C., N.C. Ohaji and O.C. Afam-Anene,2001195562Obizoba, I.C.,198343540Odunfa, S.A.,19855017581759Obizoba, I.C. and J.V. Atii,199141203212Obizoba, I.C. and N.A. Amaechi,1993Adansonia digitata L) pulp and seed.]]>29199205Onwulata, C.I., R.P. Konstance, P.W. Smith and V.H. Halsinger,199863814818Osagie, A.U.,19981998pp: 120-133pp: 120-133Onimawo, I.A. and S. Osugo,200441170173Price, M.L. and L.G. Butler,19772512681270Quinn, M.R. and L.R. Beuchat,197540475478Reddy, N.R., S.K. Sathe and D.K. Salunkhe,198228192Siegel, A. and B. Fawcett,1978Thompson, D.R. and W. Erdman,198247513514Tomkins, A., D. Alnwick and P. Haggerty,19871987pp: 198-208pp: 198-208Wang, H.L. and C.W. Hesseltine,1981117983WHO,1998Pages: 228Pages: 228AOAC.,199015th Edn.,Pages: 684Pages: 684