Essam S. Soliman
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine,Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
Mohamed A.A. Sobeih
Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Behavior,College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Z. H. Ahmad
Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Behavior,College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
M. M. Hussein
Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Behavior,College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
H. Abdel- Latiff
Department of Food Safety and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine,Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
A. A. Moneim
Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
ABSTRACT
A total of 1664 environmental samples (litter, water, swabs and air) were collected from commercial broiler farms located in Ismailia and Zagazig Governorates, Egypt. The bacterial and Fungal isolates that were identified included: Citrobacter Sp, E. coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aureuginosa, Salmonella Sp, Shigella Sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus fecalis and Streptococcus pneumonie, Yeast Sp, Pencillium Sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspegillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Mucour and Candida albicans Prevalence and frequencies of the microorganisms were calculated to detect the most predominant microorganisms. Litter samples showed that Pseudomonas areuginosa (24%) and Yeast Sp (37.5%) predominated in closed houses; Klebsiella oxytoca (12%) and Penicillium Sp (28.57%) predominated in open houses in winter, Klebsiella oxytoca (33.33%) and Aspergillus nidulans (22.73%) predominated in closed houses; E. coli (50%) and Penicillium Sp (21.40%) in open houses in spring, Shigella Sp (34.5%); (47.62%) and Aspergillus niger (26.92%); (8.69%) predominated in closed and open houses respectively in summer, Klebsiella oxytoca (55.56%) and Aspergillus niger (12%) predominated in closed houses; Klebsiella oxytoca (41.67%) and Candida albicans (59.1%) predominated in open houses in autumn. Water samples showed that E. coli (39.47%) and Candida albicans (50%) predominated in closed houses; E. coli (60.97%) and Penicillium Sp (60%) predominated in open houses in winter, E. coli (67.57%) and Penicillium Sp (37.5%) predominated in closed houses; E. coli (89.29%) and Aspergillus nidulans (15.83%) predominated in open houses in spring, Shigella Sp (42.55%) and Penicillium Sp (37.5%) predominated in closed houses; Shigella Sp (36.67%) and Yeast Sp (66.6%) predominated in open houses in summer, Klebsiella oxytoca (36.59%) and Candida albicans (33.3%) predominated in closed houses; Klebsiella oxytoca (47.22%) and Candida albicans (47.62%) predominated in open houses in autumn. Swab samples showed that Pseudomonas areuginosa (62.5%) and Penicillium Sp (29.41%) predominated in closed houses; Pseudomonas aureuginosa (47.06%) and Candida albicans (17.64%) predominated in open houses in winter, Klebsiella oxytoca (36.49%) and Aspergillus flavus (43.48%) predominated in closed samples; E. coli (43.48%) and Aspergillus flavus (46.51%) predominated in open houses in spring, Klebsiella oxytoca (28.98%) and Penicillium Sp (34.48%) predominated in closed houses; E. coli (35.17%) and Aspergillus niger (35.14%) predominated in open houses in summer, Pseudomonas areuginosa (31.75%); (42.31%) and Canidada albicans (40.32%); (61.4%) predominated in closed and open houses respectively in autumn. Air samples showed that staphylococcus aureus (51.72%-45.45%, 52%-56.17%, 59.52-69.44 and 48.78-75%) was predominating in closed and open houses respectively in winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively, while the fungal growth showed that Aspergillus niger (66.6%) predominated in closed houses in winter, Aspergillus niger (100%) predominated in closed houses; Aspergillus favlus (100%) predominated in open houses in spring, Aspergillus niger (100%) predominated in closed houses in summer, Aspergillus niger (100%) predominated in closed and open houses in autumn.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Essam S. Soliman, Mohamed A.A. Sobeih, Z. H. Ahmad, M. M. Hussein, H. Abdel- Latiff and A. A. Moneim, 2009. Seasonal Epidemiological Surveillance on Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens in Broiler Farms in Egypt. International Journal of Poultry Science, 8: 720-727.
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2009.720.727
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2009.720.727
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2009.720.727
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2009.720.727
REFERENCES
- Bean, N.H. and P.M. Griffin, 1990. Foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States, 1973-1987: Pathogens, vehicles and trends. J. Food Protect., 53: 804-816.
Direct Link - Blair, E.R., J.S. Emerson and A.H. Tull, 1967. A new medium, salt mannitol plasma agar, for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 47: 30-39.
PubMedDirect Link - Cherry, W.B., J.B. Hank, B.M. Thomson and A.M. Murlin, 1972. Salmonella as an index of pollution of surface water. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 1: 324-334.
Direct Link - Henson, S., 1997. Estimating the incidence of food borne Salmonella and the effectiveness of alternative control measures using the Delphi method. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 35: 195-204.
Direct Link