H.F.A. Motawe
A.F. Abdel Salam
Kh. M. El Meleigy
Regional Center for Foods and Feeds, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was evaluating the aflatoxins (AFS) removal ability of probiotic bacteria and yeast. Two hundred and seventy one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly divided into nine experimental groups. The dietary treatments were: 1 control, 4 and 5 artificially contaminated diets with 0.5 and 1 mg of AFS, respectively; 2 and 3 received control plus probiotic or yeast 1%, respectively. 6 and 7, received AFS contaminated diets (0.5 mg) plus yeast and yeast plus probiotic, respectively. The criteria of evaluation included body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The toxic effect of aflatoxins were apparently in groups received AFS contaminated diet which showed significantly lower BWG and FC and impaired FCR compared with control diet. Such effects could be overcame by adding probiotic bacteria and yeast to aflatoxin treated groups. On the other hand, AFS treated group showed significant increase in liver and kidney functions. The intakes of probiotic with yeast significantly alleviated the elevation of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine levels. The results indicated the effect of probiotic plus yeast as a potential protective agent against aflatoxin toxicity which decrease the risk of occurrence of liver and kidney dysfunction.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
H.F.A. Motawe, A.F. Abdel Salam and Kh. M. El Meleigy, 2014. Reducing the Toxicity of Aflatoxin in Broiler Chickens' Diet by Using Probiotic and Yeast. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13: 397-407.
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2014.397.407
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2014.397.407
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2014.397.407
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2014.397.407
REFERENCES
- Abdelhamid, A.M., I. El-Shawaf, S.A. El-Ayoty, M.M. Ali and T. Gamil, 1990. Effect of low level of dietary aflatoxins on Baladi rabbits. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 40: 517-537.
CrossRefDirect Link - Abdelhamid, A.M., T.M. Dorra, S.E. Mansy and A.E. Sallam, 1994. Effect of raising dietary protein, amino acids and/or energy levels as an attempt to alleviate severity of the chronic aflatoxicosis by broiler chicks. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 46: 339-345.
CrossRefDirect Link - Chen, C., A.M. Pearson, T.H. Coleman, J.I. Gray, J.J. Pestka and S.D. Aust, 1984. Tissue deposition and clearance of aflatoxins from broiler chickens fed a contaminated diet. Food Chem. Toxicol., 22: 147-451.
CrossRefDirect Link - Cotty, P.J. and D. Bhatnagar, 1994. Variability among atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains in ability to prevent aflatoxin contamination and production of aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway enzymes. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 60: 2248-2251.
Direct Link - Dalvi, R.R., 1986. An overview of aflatoxicosis of poultry: Its characteristics, prevention and reduction. Vet. Res. Commun., 10: 429-443.
CrossRefDirect Link - Daniels, J.M. and T.E. Massey, 1992. Modulation of aflatoxin B1 biotransformation in rabbit pulmonary and hepatic microsomes. Toxicology, 74: 19-32.
CrossRefDirect Link - Davis, N.D., U.L. Diener and D.W. Eldridge, 1966. Production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 by Aspergillus flavus in a semisynthetic medium. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 14: 378-380.
Direct Link - El-Nezami, H., P. Kankaanpaa, S. Salminen and J. Ahokas, 1998. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen, aflatoxin B1. Food Chem. Toxicol., 36: 321-326.
CrossRefDirect Link - Fritts, C.A., J.H. Kersey, M.A. Motl, E.C. Kroger and F. Yan et al., 2000. Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin) improves live performance and microbiological status of broiler chickens. J. Applied Poult. Res., 6: 149-155.
CrossRefDirect Link - Gratz, S., M. Taubel, R.O. Juvonen, M. Viluksela, P.C. Turner, H.H. Mykkanen and H. El-Nezami, 2006. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG modulates intestinal absorption, fecal excretion and toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in rats. Applied Environ. Microbial., 72: 7398-7400.
CrossRefDirect Link - Gratz, S., Q.K. Wu, H. El-Nezami, R.O. Juvonen, H. Mykkanen and P.C. Turner, 2007. Lactobacillus ramnosus strain GG reduces aflatoxin B1 transport metabolism and toxicity in Caco-2 cells. School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Food and Health Research Center, University of Kuopio, Finland.
- Halasz, A., R. Lasztity, T. Abonyi and A. Bata, 2009. Decontamination of mycotoxin-containing food and feed by biodegradation. Food Rev. Int., 25: 284-298.
CrossRefDirect Link - Hamilton, P.B., H.T. Tung, J.R. Harris, J.H. Gainer and W.E. Donaldson, 1972. The effect of dietary fat on aflatoxicosis in turkeys. Poult. Sci., 51: 165-170.
CrossRefDirect Link - Harvey, R.B., L.F. Kubena, T.D. Phillips, W.F. Huff and D.E. Corrier, 1989. Prevention of aflatoxicosis by addition of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to the diets of growing barrows. Am. J. Vet. Res., 50: 416-420.
PubMed - Martin, A., E. Aranda, M.J. Benito, F. Perez-Nevado, M.G. Cordoba, 2005. Identification of fungal contamination and determination of mycotoxigenic molds by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in smoked paprika. J. Food Prot., 68: 815-822.
PubMed - Mombelli, B. and M.R. Gismondo, 2000. The use of probiotics in medical practice. Int. J. Antimicrobial Agents, 16: 531-536.
CrossRef - Parlat, S.S., A.O. Yildiz and H. Oguz, 1999. Effect of clinoptilolite on performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during experimental aflatoxicosis. Br. Poult. Sci., 40: 495-500.
CrossRefDirect Link - Pool-Zobel, B.L., C. Neudecker, I. Domizlaff, S. Ji and U. Schillinger et al., 1996. Lactobacillus‐ and bifidobacterium‐mediated antigenotoxicity in the colon of rats. Nutr. Cancer, 26: 365-380.
CrossRefDirect Link - Pool-Zobel, B.L., R. Munzner and W.H. Holzapfel, 1993. Antigenotoxic properties of lactic acid bacteria in the S. typhimurium mutagenicity assay. Nutr. Cancer, 20: 261-270.
CrossRefDirect Link - Altaf-ur-Rahman, S. Khan, D. Khan, M. Hussain and S. Ahmed et al., 2009. Use of probiotics in broiler feed at starter phase. Sarhad J. Agric., 25: 469-473.
Direct Link - Roos, A.H., H.J. van der Kamp and E.C. Marley, 1997. Comparison of immunoaffinity columns with Florisil/C18 columns for the determination of aflatoxins in animal feed and maize. Mycotoxin Res., 13: 2-10.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Santin, E., A.C. Paulillo, L.S.O. Nakagui, A.C. Alessi, W.J.C. Polveiro and A. Maiorka, 2003. Evaluation of cell wall yeast as adsorbent of ochratoxin in broilers diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 2: 465-468.
Direct Link - Sawhney, D.S., D.V. Vadehra and R.C. Baker, 1973. Aflatoxicosis in the laying Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica). Poult. Sci., 52: 485-493.
CrossRefDirect Link - Sawhney, D.S., D.V. Vadehra and R.C. Baker, 1973. The metabolism of 14C aflatoxins in laying hens. Poult. Sci., 52: 1302-1309.
CrossRefDirect Link - Shah, N.P., 2000. Probiotic bacteria: Selective enumeration and survival in dairy foods. J. Dairy Sci., 83: 894-907.
PubMedDirect Link - Guan, S., C. Ji, T. Zhou, J. Li, Q. Ma and T. Niu, 2008. Aflatoxin B1 degradation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and other microbes selected using coumarin medium. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 9: 1489-1503.
CrossRef - Smith, J.W., C.H. Hill and P.B. Hamilation, 1971. The effect of dietary modifications on aflatoxicosis in the broiler chicken. Poult. Sci., 50: 768-774.
CrossRefDirect Link - Stanley, V.G., R. Ojo, S. Woldesenbet, D.H. Hutchinson and L.F. Kubena, 1993. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to suppress the effects of aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 72: 1867-1872.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Tjalve, H., P. Larsson, C. Andersson and L. Busk, 1992. Bioactivation of aflatoxin B1 in the bovine olfactory mucosa: DNA binding, mutagenicity and induction of sister chromatid exchanges. Carcinogenesis, 13: 1345-1350.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wallace, R.J., 1994. Ruminal microbiology, biotechnology and ruminant nutrition: Progress and problems. J. Anim. Sci., 72: 2992-3003.
PubMedDirect Link - Wolzak, A., A.M. Pearson, T.H. Coleman, J.J. Pestka, J.I. Gray and C. Chen, 1986. Aflatoxin carryover and clearance from tissues of laying hens. Food Chem. Toxicol., 24: 37-41.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wood, G.E., 1989. Aflatoxins in domestic and imported foods and feeds. J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chem., 72: 543-548.
Direct Link