Zachary Lowman
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC-27606, USA
Carmen Parkhurst
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC-27606, USA
ABSTRACT
The major factor facing the commercial poultry industry today is the cost of feed. Breeding companies have put great emphasis on selecting their lines for rapid growth and low feed to gain to increase the efficiency of production. Even though genetics have made drastic differences in growth parameters, evident from the last 45 years of genetic selection, producers still employ other methods to help birds perform more efficiently including; feed additives, temperature control, incubation, ventilation, hatchery sanitation and egg disinfection. Bac-D™ is a novel disinfectant, which is currently being used as a wound wash for humans and animals. The product utilizes benzalkonium chloride, a well-studied quaternary ammonium compound, which has been generally regarded as safe (GRAS). Bac-D™ has been effectively used as a human first aid antiseptic for many years. The objectives of this trial were to determine the effects of Bac-D™ on egg conductance, hatchability, body weight and feed conversion (FC) in turkey eggs and poults. Turkey eggs were washed with Bac-D™ then incubated under standard conditions while recording egg conductance and hatchability. Body weights were measured at hatch, 21d and 42d. The results showed that egg conductance, hatchability, or body weights of chicks hatched from Bac-D™ washed eggs did not differ significantly from water washed controls. However, mean feed conversion was significantly lower (p<0.0062) in Bac-D™ poults (FCR = 1.10) compared with the control birds (FCR = 1.17) at 21d. The improvement in FCR may be due to reduced levels of slightly pathogenic bacteria in the gut resulting from the Bac-D™ egg sanitization. The potential reduction in FCR will be of significant economic impact to poultry producers.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Zachary Lowman and Carmen Parkhurst, 2014. Effect of Bac-D™ on Hatchability, Conductance, Growth Rate and Feed Conversion on Turkey Poults. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13: 97-101.
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2014.97.101
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2014.97.101
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2014.97.101
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2014.97.101
REFERENCES
- Aygun, A., D. Sert and G. Copur, 2012. Effects of propolis on eggshell microbial activity, hatchability and chick performance in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) eggs. Poult. Sci., 91: 1018-1025.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Coufal, C.D., C. Chavez, K.D. Knape and J.B. Carey, 2003. Evaluation of a method of ultraviolet light sanitation of broiler hatching eggs. Poult. Sci., 82: 754-759.
CrossRefDirect Link - Dyer, D.L., K.B. Gerenratch and P.S. Wadhams, 1998. Testing a new alcohol-free hand sanitizer to combat infection. AORN J., 68: 239-251.
CrossRef - Druyan, S., E. Levi, D. Shinder and T. Stern, 2012. Reduced O2 concentration during CAM development: Its effect on physiological parameters of broiler embryos. Poult. Sci., 91: 987-997.
CrossRefDirect Link - Funk, E.M., J. Forward and M. Lorah, 1954. Minimizing spoilage in shell eggs by thermostabilization. Poult. Sci., 33: 532-538.
CrossRefDirect Link - Fasenko, G.M., E.E.O.D. Christopher and L.M. McMullen, 2009. Spraying hatching eggs with electrolyzed oxidizing water reduces eggshell microbial load without compromising broiler production parameters. Poult. Sci., 88: 1121-1127.
CrossRefDirect Link - Fazlara, A. and M. Ekhtelat, 2012. The disinfectant effects of benzalkonium chloride on some important foodborne pathogens. Am. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 12: 23-29.
Direct Link - Gradel, K.O., L. Randall, A.R. Sayers and R.H. Davies, 2005. Possible associations between Salmonella persistence in poultry houses and resistance to commonly used disinfectants and a putative role of mar. Vet. Microbiol., 107: 127-138.
CrossRefDirect Link - Havenstein, G.B., P.R. Ferket, S.E. Scheideler and B.T. Larson, 1994. Growth, livability and feed conversion of 1957 vs 1991 broilers when fed typical 1957 and 1991 broiler diets. Poult. Sci., 73: 1785-1794.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Havenstein, G.B., P.R. Ferket and M.A. Qureshi, 2003. Growth, livability and feed conversion of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poult. Sci., 82: 1500-1508.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Lorenz, F.W., P.B. Starr and R. Bouthilet, 1950. Fumigation of shell eggs with ethylene oxide. Poult. Sci., 29: 545-547.
CrossRef - Lowman, Z.S. and C.R. Parkhurst, 2013. Effects of bac-d on total aerobic bacteria naturally found on broiler breeder eggs. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 12: 505-508.
CrossRefDirect Link - Miller, W.A., 1956. The effect of coating the shells of washed eggs, that formerly were dirty, with antibiotics, upon subsequent spoilage. Poult. Sci., 35: 241-243.
CrossRef - Mahmoud, K.Z. and F.W. Edens, 2003. Influence of selenium sources on age-related and mild heat stress-related changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B: Biochem. Mol. Biol., 136: 921-934.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Peebles, E.D. and J. Brake, 1986. The role of the cuticle in water vapor conductance by the eggshell of broiler breeders. Poult. Sci., 65: 1034-1039.
CrossRefDirect Link - Paganelli, C.V., A. Olszowka and A. Ar, 1974. The avian egg: Surface area, volume and density. Condor, 76: 319-325.
Direct Link - Sheldon, B.W. and J. Brake, 1991. Hydrogen peroxide as an alternative hatching egg disinfectant. Poult. Sci., 70: 1092-1098.
CrossRefDirect Link