Naveed Ahmed
Poultry Research Institute, Murree Road, Shamsabad, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
Sohail Hassan Khan
Poultry Research Institute, Murree Road, Shamsabad, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
Muhammad Ashraf Anjum
Poultry Research Institute, Murree Road, Shamsabad, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
Rozina Sardar
Poultry Research Institute, Murree Road, Shamsabad, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
Mohammad Yasin Amer
Poultry Research Institute, Murree Road, Shamsabad, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
Muhammad Amin
Poultry Research Institute, Murree Road, Shamsabad, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
Zafar Iqbal Chauhan
Poultry Research Institute, Murree Road, Shamsabad, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
Muhammad Yaqoob Anjum
Poultry Research Institute, Murree Road, Shamsabad, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Dietary Electrolyte Balance (DEB) plays a vital role in bodys homeostasis and optimum provision of DEB which is critical for maximum efficiency and stress coping in birds. A total of 68 poultry feed samples were collected from Multan, Rawalpindi and Sargodha districts of Punjab province of Pakistan. The study included 16 broiler, 16 breeder and 36 layer diets. Water samples (n = 51) alongwith feed samples were also collected wherever possible. These samples were examined for sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) ions contents and DEB was calculated by subtracting anions from cations. The results showed variations and discrepancies in provision of individual ions as well as overall DEB. These results were compared with National Research Council (1994) recommendations for ionic contents and DEB level was compared by findings of other research studies. The mean of Na+ contents were well within recommended range; Cl- contents were slightly high while K+ contents were 2 to 4 times higher than NRC (1994) recommendations. However the resulting DEB for broiler, breeder and layer flocks was 192.7, 168.1 and 198.2 mEq/kg, respectively. The water can play important role in supplementation of anions and cations thus effecting overall DEB. The 13, 23 and 15 water samples (total = 51) collected from Multan, Rawalpindi and Sargodha districts, respectively showed an area wise distribution pattern of these ions. The mean of Na+ contents of water samples collected from Multan district was 229 ppm as compared to recommended level of 50 ppm for poultry consumption. Whereas analysis of water samples collected from Rawalpindi and Sargodha district showed much better ionic composition for poultry usage.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Naveed Ahmed, Sohail Hassan Khan, Muhammad Ashraf Anjum, Rozina Sardar, Mohammad Yasin Amer, Muhammad Amin, Zafar Iqbal Chauhan and Muhammad Yaqoob Anjum, 2013. Status of Dietary Electrolyte Balance in Commercial Poultry Diets in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 12: 1081-1084.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2013.1081.1084
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2013.1081.1084
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2013.1081.1084
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2013.1081.1084
REFERENCES
- Ahmad, T., T. Mushtaq, M.A. Khan, M.E. Babar, M. Yousaf, Z.U. Hasan and Z. Kamran, 2009. Influence of varying dietary electrolyte balance on broiler performance under tropical summer conditions. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 93: 613-621.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ahmad, T., T. Mushtaq, M.A. Khan, M.E. Babar, M. Yousaf, Z.U. Hasan and Z. Kamran, 2009. Influence of varying dietary electrolyte balance on broiler performance under tropical summer conditions. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 93: 613-621.
CrossRefDirect Link - Borges, S.A., A.V.F. da Silva, J. Ariki, D.M. Hooge and K.R. Cummings, 2003. Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relative humidities. Poult. Sci., 82: 301-308.
CrossRefDirect Link - Borges, S.A., A.V.F. da Silva, J. Ariki, D.M. Hooge and K.R. Cummings, 2003. Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens exposed to thermoneutral or heat-stress environments. Poult. Sci., 82: 428-435.
Direct Link - Borges, S.A., A.V.F. da Silva, A. Majork, D.M. Hooge and K.R. Cummings, 2004. Physiological responses of broiler chickens to heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance (Sodium plus potassium minus chloride, milliequivalents per kilogram). Poult. Sci., 83: 1551-1558.
CrossRefDirect Link - Borges, S.A., A.V.F. da Silva and A. Maiorka, 2007. Acid-base balance in broilers. World's Poult. Sci. J., 63: 73-81.
CrossRefDirect Link - Gezen, S.S., M. Eren and G. Deniz, 2005. The effect of different dietary electrolyte balances on eggshell quality in laying hens. Rev. Med. Vet., 156: 491-497.
Direct Link - Murakami, A.E., E.O. Oviedo-Rondon, E.N. Martins, M.S. Pereira and C. Scapinello, 2001. Sodium and chloride requirements of growing broiler chickens (twenty-one to forty-two days of age) fed corn-soybean diets. Poult. Sci., 80: 289-294.
Direct Link - NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA., ISBN-13: 978-0309048927, Pages: 176.
Direct Link - Oviedo-Rondon, E.O., A.E. Murakami, A.C. Furlan, I. Moreira and M. Macari, 2001. Sodium and chloride requirements of young broiler chickens fed corn-soybean diets (one to twenty-one days of age). Poult. Sci., 80: 592-598.
Direct Link - Szabo, J., A.V. Vucskits, E. Andrasofszky, E. Berta, A. Bersenyi, L. Borzsonyi and I. Hullar, 2011. Effect of dietary electrolyte balance on production, immune response and mineral concentrations of the femur in broilers. Acta. Vet. Hung., 59: 295-310.
Direct Link